Which of the following is a violation of ethical standards in cybersecurity?

Hacking into a competitor's system to steal trade secrets is a clear violation of ethical standards in cybersecurity. This action involves unauthorized access to another organization's information, which not only breaches ethical norms but also legal statutes. Such behavior undermines principles of trust, integrity, and respect that are fundamental to ethical conduct in cybersecurity. It can lead to significant harm for the targeted organization, including financial losses and reputational damage, while also jeopardizing the hacker’s own credibility and integrity in the profession.

In contrast, implementing user access controls, conducting regular security assessments, and providing cybersecurity training to employees are all practices that enhance security posture and promote ethical behavior. These actions are aligned with protecting sensitive information, complying with regulations, and fostering a culture of security awareness within an organization.