Which of the following actions is considered unethical in cybersecurity?

The action that is considered unethical in cybersecurity is the use of personal data for unauthorized purposes. This behavior violates ethical principles surrounding privacy and trust, as individuals expect that their personal information will be handled with care and respect. Using this data without consent undermines the rights of individuals and can lead to various negative consequences, such as identity theft, discrimination, or loss of autonomy over personal information.

Ethical conduct in cybersecurity prioritizes the protection of individual privacy and the responsible handling of data. Utilizing personal data without authorization directly contradicts these values and breaches legal and moral standards, resulting in potential harm to individuals and liability for organizations. This clear violation highlights why this action is widely recognized as unethical in the field of cybersecurity.