What is meant by the term "ethical hacking"?

The term "ethical hacking" refers to the practice of gaining authorized access to computer systems and networks to assess their security. This approach is vital for identifying and addressing vulnerabilities before they can be exploited by malicious actors. Ethical hackers, also known as penetration testers, operate under a code of ethics and follow legal guidelines, obtaining explicit permission from the system owners before conducting their tests.

By highlighting the importance of authorized testing, this definition underscores the responsible nature of ethical hacking. It differentiates such activities from illegal hacking, where individuals access systems without permission, potentially causing harm or stealing information. Ethical hacking is a proactive measure that helps organizations strengthen their security postures, making it a critical component of modern cybersecurity practices.